The bill aims to require documentary proof of U.S. citizenship for voter registration in federal elections. It outlines additional processes for those without such proof, including the submission of alternative evidence and the development of a uniform affidavit for use by state and local officials. It mandates states to identify non-citizens, update voter registration forms, and imposes criminal penalties for specific violations. The bill also permits states to adopt identical requirements and requires guidance from the Election Assistance Commission. It impacts the process of voter registration and the sharing of information between the Department of Homeland Security and election officials.